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Customer requirements客户需求
Input reference illustration需求输入示意
Start with the engine application, cylinder-head information, samples and the intended development goal.从发动机应用、缸头资料、样品和开发目标开始，明确客户需求。
CUSTOM FORGED PISTONSCUSTOM FORGED PISTONS
Designed around
your application.围绕您的应用，
展开定制设计。
From a sample to a new idea, the conversation starts with your engine.从现有样品到全新构想，定制从理解您的发动机开始。
Three ways to begin.三种方式，开启定制。
Engine-based按发动机型号
Start with your engine model and intended application.提供发动机型号和使用场景。
Sample-based按实物样品
Use an existing piston as the starting point for discussion.以现有活塞作为沟通与开发的起点。
Project-based按项目需求
Discuss a new geometry or a specific development brief.围绕新的结构或明确的开发目标展开讨论。
DESIGNED AROUND YOUR ENGINE围绕您的发动机展开设计
From cylinder head
to piston design.从客户缸头出发，
匹配活塞设计。
Your cylinder head helps define the piston. We use the combustion-chamber shape and valve layout as inputs for piston crown and valve-relief design.缸头的燃烧室形状与气门布局，是活塞设计的重要输入。我们依据客户提供的缸头结构，反向匹配活塞顶面和气门避让方案。
Understand the head理解缸头结构
Review the chamber, valve arrangement and the available reference information.了解燃烧室、气门布局以及客户提供的参考资料。
Match the piston匹配活塞设计
Develop the crown geometry and valve-relief layout around the engine requirements.结合发动机需求，开展顶面结构与气门避让布局设计。
Review the complete assembly结合整机参数复核
Review cam lift, timing, assembly dimensions and required operating clearances before finalising the design.在设计定稿前，结合气门升程、正时、装配尺寸与所需运行间隙进行复核。
CYLINDER HEAD TO VALVE RELIEF从缸头需求到气门避让核对
Review. Refine. Check again.反复确认，让设计回应需求。
Customer cylinder-head information guides the 2D layout and 3D piston-and-valve review. Valve reliefs are refined through repeated checks.依据客户提供的缸头信息，展开二维布局与三维活塞、气门组合核对，通过反复复核完善气门避让方案。
- Cylinder-head requirements客户缸头与需求
- 2D structural layout二维结构设计
- 3D assembly review三维组合核对
- Valve-clearance refinement反复复核气门避让
Illustrations have identifying text and dimensions removed for public display. Final clearance is checked against the original engineering files, valve lift, timing and assembly requirements.展示图已去除识别文字与尺寸数据。最终避让间隙结合原始工程文件、气门升程、正时及装配要求进行校核。
SAMPLE TO DESIGN
From an OEM sample
to a forged-piston design.
A customer-supplied cast OEM sample provides the reference for defining geometry and developing a forged-piston CAD design.
Left: JND forged-piston CAD design
Right: customer-supplied cast OEM sample
FROM DEVELOPMENT TO PRODUCT从研发到出品
Your requirements.
A complete development path.从客户需求，
走向活塞成品。
A piston-blank development route, shown through structural illustrations and manufacturing photographs.以毛坯加工活塞的路线为例，通过结构设计示意与制造实拍，展示从需求输入到成品的开发环节。
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2D engineering design绘制二维图纸
2D engineering design
The drawing connects cylinder-head references with the piston geometry.
03
3D design review
Piston CAD design
Crown, ring grooves, pin bore and skirt geometry are reviewed before blank preparation.
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Blank preparation毛坯准备
Actual blanks and production cell
After the 3D design is confirmed, blanks are prepared for the agreed manufacturing route.
05
Machining & work in progress加工与半成品
Robotic production cell · 7 seconds
Robotic handling connects blank loading with the subsequent machining process.
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Finished piston成品展示
Existing finished-product reference · not this project
Review the finished part against the agreed specifications before the delivery arrangements are confirmed.按约定规格复核成品，再确认交付安排。
Cylinder-head geometry and customer requirements inform drawing development, 3D review, blank preparation and machining. Final geometry and manufacturing specifications follow the agreed project drawings. The finished-product image is a reference from the existing range.
Discuss your development project沟通您的开发项目DESIGN CONVERSATION设计沟通要点
Define what matters
to your application.明确应用中
真正重要的要求。
Crown geometry活塞顶面
Crown volume, valve clearance and combustion-chamber context.顶面容积、气门避让与燃烧室条件。
Pin & connecting rod销孔与连杆
Pin dimensions and the interfaces that need to work together.活塞销尺寸及相关配合部位。
Ring package活塞环组
Ring dimensions and groove requirements.活塞环尺寸与环槽要求。
Application & material应用与材料
Intended use, thermal conditions and material selection.使用场景、热工况与材料选择。
Do I need all the technical specifications?需要先提供完整技术参数吗？
No. Start with what you know. The engine model, intended use, sample availability and approximate quantity help frame the project.不需要。先提供您已掌握的信息即可。发动机型号、用途、是否有样品和预估数量，有助于明确项目方向。
Can I share drawings?可以提供图纸吗？
Yes, after agreeing a suitable communication channel and any confidentiality requirements. Do not put confidential drawings in a public message.可以。在确认沟通渠道及保密要求后再提供，不要在公开消息中放入保密图纸。
How are pricing and lead times confirmed?价格和交期如何确定？
They depend on the agreed design, quantity and development requirements, and are confirmed in the project quotation.根据确认的设计、数量和开发要求，在具体项目报价中确定。
YOUR BRIEF. THE RIGHT DETAILS.由需求，确定细节
Define the combination before the part.先明确组合，再开发活塞。
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Crown, pin and ring package顶型、活塞销与环组
Bring the cylinder-head details, stroke, rod length and target compression ratio. These inputs guide the crown, compression height and component specification.提供缸头信息、行程、连杆长度及目标压缩比，共同确定顶型、压缩高度与配套件规范。
Explore this detail进一步了解 ↗02
Forged blank or billet锻造毛坯或棒料路线
Choose the route around the geometry, quantity and development requirements. The illustrated cylinder-head case uses a piston blank.结合结构、数量与开发要求确定路线。本站缸头关联开发案例采用活塞毛坯加工路线。
Explore this detail进一步了解 ↗03
A complete specification完整的技术约定
Discuss alloy grade, pin material, ring pack, coatings, clearances and weight matching before the manufacturing specification is approved.在制造规范确认前，沟通合金牌号、销材质、环组、涂层、间隙及重量配组要求。
Explore this detail进一步了解 ↗GEOMETRY & FIT结构与适配
Designed as part of the whole engine.围绕整机组合，设计每处结构。
Valve and camshaft flexibility气门与凸轮组合的灵活性
Selected models use a zero-offset pin and retain material below the crown for valve-pocket machining. Crown designs can accommodate larger valves and high-lift camshafts, subject to the specified engine combination.部分型号采用零偏移销设计，并在顶部下方预留气门坑加工材料。结合指定发动机组合开发顶型，可适配加大气门与高升程凸轮轴。
Offset-pin and skirt development偏移销与裙部设计
Most designs use an offset pin to help reduce cold-start noise. Strut-style skirt designs balance wear, noise and rocking control; selected applications can operate at clearances such as 0.004 in.大部分设计采用偏移销，以改善冷启动噪音。支柱式裙部兼顾磨损、噪音与晃动控制；特定应用可采用如0.004英寸的运行间隙。
Compression height and groove details压缩高度与槽形设计
Compression-height options support short- and long-stroke combinations. Pressure-balance grooves and project-specific valve reliefs address different aspects of the piston design.不同压缩高度选项支持短行程至长行程的多种组合。压力平衡槽与针对项目开发的气门避让结构，分别回应不同设计需求。
Features vary by model and application. Final alloy, components, clearances and installation requirements follow the confirmed product specification. Horsepower examples describe specific project configurations, not a universal piston rating.特点与配置因型号及应用而异。材料、配套件、间隙与装配要求以确认的产品技术规范为准；马力示例对应特定项目配置，并非全部活塞的通用额定值。
APPLICATIONS & CUSTOM DEVELOPMENT应用覆盖与定制开发
Built around the way you use it.围绕您的使用方式开发。
Performance engine coverage性能发动机应用覆盖
Replacement and upgrade solutions cover selected Japanese, European and American performance engine platforms, with application-specific matching for competitive and high-performance street builds.原厂替换及升级方案覆盖特定日系、欧系与美系性能发动机平台，为竞技与高性能街道改装提供针对性的匹配方案。
Specialist diesel-racing projects柴油赛车专项设计
Specialist aluminium and steel piston designs address the high-temperature, high-pressure loads of diesel-racing applications. The design and material are selected for each project.针对柴油赛车的高温高压负荷，提供专项铝制及钢制活塞设计，按具体项目选择结构与材料。
From a sample, drawing or idea从样品、图纸或构想出发
Custom piston development supports specific dimensions, compression ratios and engine combinations, with a flexible approach to project requirements and cost planning.可根据样品、图纸或构想开发定制活塞，回应特定尺寸、压缩比及发动机组合需求，灵活安排开发方案与成本。
YOUR NEXT PROJECT开启下一个项目